ECPG: Malin Holm granskar jämställdismrörelsen

ECPG står för “European Conference on Politics and Gender”, och konferensen hölls i slutet på mars. http://www.ecpg-barcelona.com/

Ett av bidragen var “Men Who Hate Women – Online: Mapping the Swedish Anti-Feminist Movement in New Media”, Malin Holm, PhD Candidate, Uppsala University, Draft prepared for the 2013 ECPG Conference, Barcelona, Spain

Rapporten ska ha funnits online på http://www.ecpg-barcelona.com/sites/default/files/Men%20who%20hate%20women%20online_MalinHolm.pdf, men jag får inte upp någonting där. Google ”quick view” hade den fortfarande: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:_BpqKDcL4PQJ:www.ecpg-barcelona.com/sites/default/files/Men%2520who%2520hate%2520women%2520online_MalinHolm.pdf+&hl=en&gl=se&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShRf-SBxQeUt16rqIk6GZbEXMQs4z544yepdvF7qS5_NNAUMpMmyuuhlmUj-cc2TwrhOWFscBLBpZb0qPa0OvaHMmNUdYIzg_iEzi7hpaRM2N4X1DiXgMsPQSj7rce_iUOvyPAP&sig=AHIEtbRxefYl8f6PTkEGXop7cS2ss2jLWQ

[Uppdatering: på bloggen toklandet finns ett svar från Malin Holm: ”Tack för visat intresse för mitt konferenspapper. Som du kanske redan vet är ett konferenspapper en preliminär version i en lång arbetsprocess som i bästa fall resulterar i en publicerad artikel eller avhandling inom ett par år. Ett konferenspapper är alltså inte vetenskapligt granskat (vilken en publicerad artikel eller avhandling är), och det bör därför inte citeras som sådant. Inte heller bör exempelvis dess definitioner, resultat eller slutsatser betraktas eller behandlas som slutgiltiga. Exempelvis ändrade jag för ett tag sedan titeln på pappret, då det fanns bättre sätt att beskriva innehållet. …” http://toklandet.wordpress.com/2013/04/23/fatt-ett-svar-fran-malin-holm/]

Abstract: “To get a more comprehensive understanding of the success and failure of feminist struggles, we also need to understand their adversaries. Sweden is (not at least by itself) often portrayed as ‘one of the most gender equal countries in the world’, and the last decades it has been popular to forward gender equal or feminist issues in the public debate. However, during the last years we have seen a growing Swedish antifeminist movement online, as well as several internet-based ‘hate-campaigns’ against Swedish artists, authors, journalists and researchers who have been identified as publically participating in the Swedish feminist movement or simply dealing with feminist issues. This study examines the net-based Swedish antifeminist movement to understand how new media, in the form of social media, blogs, Internet forums etc., has provided new possibilities/incentives for groups whose claims previously have been discursively marginalized in the public debate to organize and voice their claims.”

Hon har använt google och bloggrolls för att hitta feminismkritiska bloggar som ofta länkar varandra, totalt 26 stycken (lista i slutet), och har granskat dessa. Det blir en viss diskrepans mellan titeln och innehållet. Titeln syftar på näthat, men den svenska antifeminism som granskas är mest om jämställdister/jämställdismsympatisörer, som genomgående kallas antifeminister, men som i granskningen inte direkt kallas hatare. Istället beskrivs det som två parallella företeelser: “Sweden … currently has a growing antifeminist movement and a recent history of several hate-campaign against Swedish feminists which both [are] mainly based online”

“The growing hatred against women on the internet has also received a lot of attention in the Swedish mainstream media during the last year (see for example Bjurwald 2012; Bratt 2012; Hellekant 2011; Sveland 2013; Söderin 2012; Vingren 2012; Wåg and Nilsson 2012). Parallel with this development, there have been a number of successful anti-feminist Swedish bloggers forming a growing antifeminist blogosphere online. For several reasons it is possible to not only regard this as a blogosphere but rather as a social movement, advocating the antifeminist cause. Firstly, the blogosphere is tightly connected. The bloggers are often referring to each others blogs, commenting on each others post and repeating each others argument. Secondly, the blog posts contain the same types of basic manifest (“the equalitistmanifest”), narratives and argumentation. They all have the same type of problem formulation, and solution – which is that the third wave of feminism has gone too far, that it has started to marginalize the men and that it need to be reversed, primarily by legislative changes making the legislation “gender-neutral” and politically focus more resources on men in vulnerable positions. In addition, several of the central actors in the antifeminist blogosphere have quickly been given frequent (and positive) media space also in more traditional media (see for example Orrenius 2009; Billing et al. 2012; Ström 2012; Ström 2009; Ström 2008). Furthermore, their description of reality also seems to have reached influence on high political levels. For example, on the 28th of September 2012, the Swedish Government announced that they had appointed a new inquiry that will investigate how the Swedish gender equality reforms have affected the well being of Swedish men, a problem formulation that goes very much in line with the antifeminists’, or equalitists’, claims.”

“… a new type of collective actors have started to appear and become important in the political landscape; namely collective actors who are organized without an actual organization. This type of dynamic – when it is primary the communication itself which is the main part of the organizational structure – has by recent research started to be conceptualized as connected action (Bennett and Segerberg 2012). Contrary from the participants in collective action, connective action participants do not belong to organizations with brick or mortar address, membership or affiliation possibilities, and the organizations are quite young (Bennett and Segerberg 2012:741). Thus, the organizational structure looks rather differently, and sometimes, inexistent to those we have been used to. If traditional collective action have been based primarily on organizational resources and collective identity, connected action as rather based on personalized content sharing through social networks (on the net). These ideas have however been developed mainly using the empirical examples of anti-capitalist protest movements such as Put People First (PPF) and Occupy Wall Street (and beyond). I would in argue that the formation of a collective identity, which is argued to be an important part of offline collective action, but not for online, connected action, actually can be an important part also of movements that form online.” (min fetstil)

“One possible consequences of this institutional shift will in this paper be exemplified by the Swedish antifeminist movement that has been on the rise the last years, primarily in and through new media. The overarching questions that leads the study is thus: how could they succeed? How could an interests go from being almost non-existent in the Swedish (hegemonic) public spheres to grow and become perceived as both existent and acceptable, not only in the blogosphere, but at a high political level? The sub question that this particular study will try to answer is however more particular: who are they and how did the movement and its claims spread? In what way and to what extent has new media been used by the anti-feminist movement, with the function to self-organize and voice their claims in the public spheres, and hence legitimized them? The main purpose with the study is to contribute to the understanding if and how new media has provided possibilities for new groups to self organize and voice their claims in the public sphere. An additional purpose is to further the understanding about a particular anti-movement, namely the antifeminist movement following the third wave of feminism – who is mobilized and what resources can new media provide for the members and the leadership of the movement?”

“Their basic claim is that the gender equality reforms and norms promoted by Swedish feminist movement, and the Swedish “state feminism”, has led to a society where Swedish men now are discriminated against, and this needs to be stopped and changed to the advantage of men”

Formuleringen på slutet är tvetydig, den kan tolkas som att det efterfrågas en privilegierad behandling av män, något som många feminister påstår. Men den kan också läsas som att förändringen från mansdiskriminering till lika spelregler, att själva förändringen skulle vara till mäns fördel.

Hennes slutsatser om jämställdisterna

“When examining who the leaders and the activists of the Swedish antifeminist movement are, the differences compared to previous antifeminist movements are striking. Firstly, the majority of the leaders, as well as the activists of the movement, are men. Secondly, the majority of these men are not the socio-economic deprived individuals that has become a common explanation of the third wave antifeminist mobilization, but instead well educated, white Swedish males on high societal positions. They, however, still feels deprived of something(s). One of the bloggers, a white Swedish doctor (soon to be surgeon specialist) writes:

I am sitting here in front of your computer, opening the mailbox again and again, refreshing the inbox, and occasionally glancing on the phone. No new e-mails. That call never seems to come. I’ll probably soon be considered middle-aged. Where is my higher salary? When will the offer of a directorship come? Can you choose what kind of board of directors or is it just assigned to you? Has anyone missed that I am a man …. I’ll have a higher salary! I have the right to a board position! I want to know if it gives you a bad conscience! (Ett städat yttre, on the 12th November 2011)

It thus seems important to ask the question – in what way do those men actually feel marginalized? These are well-educated males, with high professional positions, large social networks, and the disappointment is that money and promotions are not raining over them to a larger extent.”

Det förefaller också viktigt att fråga om Holm är bekant med begreppet sarkasm? När man läser en text av någon vars världsbild man inte delar, kan det förvisso vara svårt att avgöra vad som är den andres världsbild och vad som är sarkasm.

“Thirdly, there are a number of women present in the leading group, which also they are holding quite high societal positions as researchers and professional within the natural sciences, or as well established journalists. This group of women is thus far from the house-wives pointed out as leaders of previous antifeminist movements.”

“Another important difference is that many of the core figures and the majority of the activists (men as well as women) are more or less anonymous. Some of these anonymous blogs were the most referred and linked to. Also these blogs were very articulated, carefully written and with many references. To be able to be anonymous could be a specific advantaged made possible by the new type of public arena that new media offer, which moreover could be particularly beneficial for countermovements.”

“Lastly, an obvious difference in comparison to previous antifeminist countermovements is the complete lack of connections to any religious networks. Instead, the antifeminist blogosphere becomes the network that makes a coordinated organization possible. Contrary to previous organization in the private sphere through religious networks this type of network makes it possible to organize in the public sphere, which also could explain the different types of groups that is mobilized through it (professional men and women). As previously discussed, the blogs also help to create new realities through common narratives and new words. In addition, the positions of the leaders and some of the rank and files are giving them a quick access to traditional media, which seems to give the blogs an additional push forward when it comes to readers and commentaries. Through the blogs, new ‘leaders’ are also trained at the commentary fields, which then are starting their own blogs. Adding to the previous resources (education, contacts with the establishment via previous positions) the network itself thus becomes a resource that is enhanced through the new media.”

Sist i hennes rapport, bland referenserna, ingår en lista på bloggar:

”Aktivarum”, http://aktivarum.wordpress.com/ (February 20, 2013)

”Ann-Mari’s Blogg”, http://maukonen.wordpress.com/ (March 4, 2013)

”Bashflak”, http://bashflak.wordpress.com/ (Frebruary 20, 2013)

“Bittergubben”, https://bittergubben.wordpress.com/ (March 7, 2013)

”Certatio”, http://certatio.wordpress.com/ (February 20, 2013)

“Daddy’s Sverige, http://www.daddys-sverige.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”David Holman”, http://davidholman.net/ (February 27, 2013)

“Ekvalist”, http://ekvalist.blogspot.se/ (February 27, 2013)

”Ett städat yttre”, http://stadatyttre.blogspot.se/ (March 7, 2013)

”Genusdebatten”, http://genusdebatten.se/ (March 7 2013)

”Genusleaks”, http://genusleaks.wordpress.com/ (March 2, 2013)

“Gubbschlemmet”, http://gubbschlemmet.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

Ingrid Carlqvist’s blogg, http://ingridcarlqvist.se/, (February 27, 2013)

”Juggen reflekterar över intryck”, http://juggen.wordpress.com/, (February 27, 2013)

”Kimhza Bremers Bodega”, http://kimhzabremersbodega.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

“Kvinna och antifeminist”, http://kvinnaochantifeminist.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”Mariel’s blogg”, http://mixifamily.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”Matte Matiks blogg”, http://mattematiksblogg.blogspot.se/ (February 27, 2013)

”Medborgarperspektiv”, http://medborgarperspektiv.blogspot.se/ (March 7, 2013)

Michael Eriksson’s Blog, http://michaeleriksson.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”No size fits all”, http://hagwall.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

Pelle Billing’s blogg, http://www.pellebilling.se/blogg/, (March 2, 2013)

Pär Ström’s blogg ”Genusnytt”, http://genusnytt.wordpress.com/ (March 2, 2013)

”Rockis månadsbrev”, http://rockibarocki.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”Susanna’s Crowbar”, http://www.susannavaris.com/blogg/ (February 27, 2013)

Tanja Bergkvists Blog, http://tanjabergkvist.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”Toklandet”, http://toklandet.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)

”Trollans tankar om stort och smått”, http://trollan.wordpress.com/ (February 27, 2013)